'Nothing Ever Happens' Is Over
Naval Ravikant, Babak Nivi · Naval Podcast
Naval 和 Nivi 做了一期 19 分钟的短播客, 从 Impossible 的 hub-and-spoke 组织谈到 AI 如何替代显式 intranet 和 dashboard, 抬眼看 AI 集中化、 无人机和生物风险的结构性变化, 落到硬件复兴和 "optimism requires creativity" 的处方.
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78 集相关 · 78 集已生成
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140. 对姚顺宇的4小时访谈：请允许我小疯一下！在Anthropic和Gemini训模型、技术预测、英雄主义已过去
姚顺宇 · 研究科学家 · 前 Anthropic · 现 Google DeepMind (Gemini)
张小珺·语言即世界 EP.140，对姚顺宇的 4 小时访谈节选。姚顺宇博士毕业于斯坦福 理论高能物理，2024 年半道出家加入 Anthropic 参与 Claude 3.7、4.5 的强化学习训练； 2025 年 10 月跳槽到 Google DeepMind 做 Gemini 的 ML coding / long horizon。 这期把两家 lab 的打法、coding bet 的内部信号、AI safety 的"幼稚"自我说服、 以及"个人英雄主义时代已经过去了"等小疯言论摊开讲清楚。
What rebuilding AlphaGo teaches us about self-play, RL, and future of LLMs - Eric Jang
Eric Jang · ex-VP AI @ 1X · ex-Google DeepMind Robotics
Eric Jang 在 sabbatical 期间用大约 10K 美元 + Claude Code 重新实现了 AlphaGo， 在和 Dwarkesh 的对谈里把 MCTS 拆到底——为什么它不是 credit assignment、 为什么它比当下 LLM RL 优雅得多、以及 10 层网络居然能把一个看似 intractable 的搜索问题塞进一次 forward pass。后半段是用 Opus 4.6/4.7 做自动化研究的体感： 超参搜索很强，但还不会"换条路想想看"。
A Return to Code
Naval Ravikant, Babak Nivi · Naval Podcast
Naval 隔了几十年重新写代码. 用 Claude Opus 4.5 + Codex 做出 "personal app store", 从中长出三条判断: vibe coding 比游戏更上瘾、pure software 现在不可投、 Apple 主导的时代开始结束. 这是少见的 first-person 编码日记式 episode.
137. 对洪乐潼的4小时访谈：AI for Math、把数学变成Lean、数学天书中的证明、直觉、被创造与被发现的
洪乐潼 · Axiom 创始人 & CEO
张小珺对 24 岁 Axiom 创始人洪乐潼的 4 小时长访谈。00 后华人女孩、MIT 摩根奖得主、 斯坦福数学博士辍学、A 轮 16 亿美元。访谈把 AI for Math 的来龙去脉讲透——从 1960s ATP 到 2024 年 DeepMind AlphaProof，再到 2025/12 Axiom 拿下 Putnam 满分 98.93%； 也讲透了洪乐潼的创业心智：蛮力型选手、对苦难上瘾、bet system not model、 把自己定义成 "research scientist intern" 而非 CEO。
Andrej Karpathy: From Vibe Coding to Agentic Engineering
Andrej Karpathy · AI researcher, OpenAI co-founder, ex-Tesla AI
Karpathy 在一场炉边对谈里，从"作为程序员从未如此落后"讲起：December 是 agentic 编码工作流真正开始 work 的拐点。他串起 Software 3.0（编程变成 prompting）、可验证性如何造就"锯齿状"智能、vibe coding 与 agentic engineering 的分野，以及人类仍独一无二负责的"理解"。
How to ship hardware in the AI era | Caitlin Kalinowski (Apple, Meta, OpenAI)
Caitlin Kalinowski · Hardware leader — ex-Apple (MacBook Pro/Air), ex-Meta (Quest, Rift, Orion AR), ex-OpenAI (robotics)
Caitlin Kalinowski has shipped flagship hardware at three legendary companies — the original unibody MacBook Pro and MacBook Air at Apple, the Quest / Rift / Orion AR program at Meta, and most recently OpenAI's robotics division (which she publicly resigned from over the "department of war" deal). She walks Lenny through why hardware is fundamentally different from software ("we only get to compile four or five times — ever"), the 5-layer supply-chain stack that's been outsourced over 25 years, Palmer Luckey's drones-vs-aircraft-carriers argument, the impulse equation that governs robot safety, the "memory-price meteor" coming for every physical AI startup, and the four hardware design principles she carries from Apple to Meta to OpenAI.
Jensen Huang – Will Nvidia's moat persist?
Jensen Huang · Nvidia CEO
Dwarkesh 花了两小时把 Jensen 逼到角落里问：如果 AI 商品化软件，Nvidia 会不会 也被商品化？Jensen 的答案是 "electrons → tokens 的转换" 本身就是护城河，并一路 反驳 TPU / ASIC 叙事、承认自己没能早投 Anthropic 的 "my miss"，最后跟 Dwarkesh 就 China 出口管制打了一场 40 分钟的激烈辩论 —— "you're not talking to somebody who woke up a loser."
How Anthropic's product team moves faster than anyone else | Cat Wu (Head of Product, Claude Code)
Cat Wu · Head of Product, Claude Code & Cowork · Anthropic
Cat Wu 是 Anthropic 的 Claude Code 与 Cowork 产品负责人。show notes 把这一期框成 "AI is changing the PM role" 的近距离观察：Anthropic 的 shipping cadence 从 months 压到 weeks 再到 days, PM 要在模型还没准备好的时候就开始建产品, Cat 最看重的一项 被低估技能是 "asking the model to introspect on its own mistakes", 而 "just do things" 是她总结的 AI-native 公司第一原则。
From Consumer Toys for Pets to War Drone — Yaroslav Azhnyuk, The Fourth Law & Noah Smith, Noahpinion
Yaroslav Azhnyuk · Noah Smith · The Fourth Law / Odd Systems — founder · Noahpinion — writer
Yaroslav Azhnyuk built Pet Cube in San Francisco — "cameras that fling treats to pets" — and then, after Russia's invasion landed on the last flight into Kyiv on Feb 23, 2022, pivoted to building drone autonomy, thermal cameras, and FPV strike drones for the Ukrainian armed forces. With Noah Smith and Latent Space's Brandon, he walks through five levels of drone autonomy, eight dimensions of the autonomous battlefield, why FPVs replaced artillery as "the god of war" (~80% of frontline casualties), and the disquieting arithmetic of China's drone manufacturing scale (4M Ukrainian FPVs/year vs ~4B Chinese capacity).
138. 对罗福莉3.5小时访谈：AI范式已然巨变！OpenClaw、Agent范式很吃后训练、卡的分配、组织平权
罗福莉 · 小米大模型负责人
小米大模型负责人罗福莉的 3.5 小时深度对谈：从春节凌晨 2 点 OpenClaw 觉醒，到 MiMo V2 系列 (Pro / Omni / TTS) 的"悄无声息伏击"，再到 Agent 时代后训练算力 1:1、组织扁平化、AGI 两年内可期。 当下范式已从 Chat 切到 Agent —— 1T 基座 + 后训练敏捷性是新的入场券。
132. 对星海图创始人高继扬的3小时访谈：鲶鱼、曾国藩、Waymo与Momenta的两面、一只狼与许华哲的离开
高继扬 · 星海图创始人 & CEO
张小珺对星海图创始人高继扬的 3 小时访谈。92 年生人、清华电子系物理竞赛保送、 USC PhD 三年半毕业、Waymo 两年、Momenta 两年作为"鲶鱼"轮换感知/定位/规控/NOA、 23 年 5 月放弃 1000 万美金期权创业。访谈把具身智能创业的"反浪漫"逻辑讲透—— 从曾国藩式的"儒家清流到事功"自我重塑，到智能定义本体的轮式双臂选型， 再到 200~250 元/小时的真实数据成本账、VLM+VLA 双系统、 以及"传播周期决定壁垒"的大厂 vs 创业公司分析。访谈录制时正逢联合创始人许华哲离职。
Getting Humans Out of the Way: How to Work with Teams of Agents
Rob · Creator of Brumi (open-source multi-agent IDE)
Rob 是开源多 agent IDE Brumi 的作者. 这期他把"如何把人从 loop 里拿出来"的整套手艺摊开讲—— 从让 agent 截图自证 (feature walkthrough doc), 到自定义 lint 规则爆炸, 到 plan.md 替代 plan mode, 到并行 5 个 agent 挑赢家. 核心隐喻只有一句: 教 agent 怎么向上汇报.
Anthropic 增长负责人："Claude 正在自己驱动增长"
Amol Avasari · Head of Growth, Anthropic
Anthropic 增长负责人 Amol Avasari 分享了公司 14 个月内从 $1B 到 $19B ARR 的增长故事、 用 Claude 自动化增长实验的 CASH 项目、PM 角色在 AI 时代的演变，以及他从严重脑损伤中 恢复并成为顶级增长领导者的个人经历。
The $15B Physical AI Company: Simulation, Autonomy OS, Neural Sim, & 1K Engineers—Applied Intuition
Qasar Younis & Peter Ludwig · Co-founders of Applied Intuition (CEO / CTO)
Applied Intuition 给汽车 / 卡车 / 矿车 / 农机 / 防务平台卖"让物理机器变聪明"的技术栈, 18/20 OEM 是它客户, 估值 $15B, 1000 名工程师, 现在在日本跑 L4 无人卡车. 这期把它的三个 bucket (仿真 + 操作系统 + 自动驾驶模型) 全部摊开讲, 还顺手把 "vehicles like pre-Android phones" 这条 类比、neural sim = Gaussian splatting + diffusion、onboard 才是物理 AI 真正瓶颈 这些反直觉点都串了起来.
Why Agents are Driving Software Development to the Cloud
Zach Lloyd · Warp Founder & CEO · ex-Google Docs/Sheets
Warp 创始人 Zach Lloyd 在 MLOps.community 解释为什么 2026 是 agents 搬家的一年—— 从笔记本搬到云端，从 solo sport 变成 team sport。Oz 是他们的编排平台，agent 不是云电脑、 是云上的同事，meta-app 正在让 SaaS 入口收敛到一个"会做事的浏览器"。
Inside Abridge: The AI Listening to 100 Million Doctor Visits — Abridge's Janie Lee & Chai Asawa
Janie Lee & Chai Asawa · Abridge — Head of Product / Clinical Decision Support
Latent Space × Supervised Learning crossover with Janie Lee and Chai Asawa from Abridge, the AI clinical-intelligence layer with a dataset on the order of 100M medical conversations. Deep on the "air conditioning" design philosophy, the constellation-of-models architecture behind real-time in-visit guidance, why HIPAA-grade de-identification is one-way, and the hot take that PRDs are very much not dead.
The Creator of Superpowers: Why Real Agentic Engineering Beats Vibe Coding
Jesse Vincent · Creator of Superpowers (110k stars Claude Code skill kit)
Jesse Vincent —— Perl projects lead 出身、K-9 Mail 的原作者、25 年老兵 —— 把过去九个月驯服 Claude Code 的方法摊开来讲. 110k stars 的 superpowers 不是 vibe coding, 而是一套 orchestrator 架构 + 单使命 subagent 分工 + skill 系统的 agentic engineering 方法论. 这期还覆盖 Claude 删测试事件如何用一行 prompt 修好、为什么 swarm 是 2002 年的 Facebook、 以及 2028 年 GitHub 可能不存代码只存 specs 的预言.
134. 【数据的综述】和谢晨聊，新时代的石油、历史、版图、数据金字塔、定价与Recipe
谢晨 Steve · 光轮智能创始人 & CEO
张小珺《商业访谈录》第 134 期：和光轮智能 CEO 谢晨把 AI 的"数据"这架马车 做成一次产业综述。从数据 = 教育的第一性类比，到朱玉可提出的数据金字塔 （真机 / 仿真 / 人类第一人称视频），再到为什么特斯拉模式在具身不成立、 BEHAVIOR Challenge 的 26%、为什么"先失败再成功的数据最贵"，一直到终局： 一家 AI 教育公司，提供环境让模型自己修炼内功。
An AI state of the union: We've passed the inflection point & dark factories are coming
Simon Willison · Open-source engineer & Django co-creator
Simon Willison (co-creator of Django, coined "prompt injection") talks with Lenny Rachitsky about the November 2025 inflection point when coding agents crossed a reliability threshold, the dark factory pattern where nobody writes or reads code, and the lethal trifecta of AI security risks.
A Motorcycle for the Mind
Naval Ravikant, Babak Nivi · Naval Podcast
Naval 和 Nivi 在散步中录的 52 分钟, 把过去一年关于 AI 的几条 tweet 一条一条拆开: vibe coding 是新 PM, 训练模型是新编程, 英语成为最热门的编程语言. 落到智能的真正测试 (能不能从生活里得到你想要的) 和 AI 焦虑的解药 (动起来), 最后用 "motorcycle for the mind" 收尾.
It's 2026, and We're Still Talking Evals
Maggie Konstanty · ML Engineer · LLM Agent Evaluation Lead
Maggie Konstanty 在 MLOps.community 谈 LLM agent 评估的真实战场——为什么团队总是先发布再补 eval、 为什么 pre-prod 和 production 是"两种动物"、以及为什么所有 vendor 工具都让她最终选择自己造。 整期访谈最反直觉的 takeaway：evals 本身不难，难的是让团队对齐"什么叫好"。
Head of Claude Code: What happens after coding is solved | Boris Cherny
Boris Cherny · Head of Claude Code, Anthropic
Claude Code 一周岁。它的负责人 Boris Cherny 复盘从"内部 demo 只收到 2 个赞" 到"GitHub 4% 公开 commits、Anthropic 内部人均生产力 +200%"是怎么发生的， 并解释为什么他认为 coding 已经被解决、下一站是让模型自己想做什么、 以及怎么"为 6 个月后的模型"造产品。
OpenClaw: The Viral AI Agent that Broke the Internet - Peter Steinberger | Lex Fridman Podcast #491
Peter Steinberger · Creator of OpenClaw, founder of PSPDFKit
Peter Steinberger 讲他怎么在 1 小时内把 WhatsApp 接到 Claude Code 的 CLI, 做出了后来成为 GitHub 史上最快增长仓库的 OpenClaw。围绕这个故事展开的是 agentic engineering 的心法、self-modifying software、Moldbook 引发的 AI psychosis、改名大战、以及他从 PSPDFKit 13 年烧完到重新找回 building 乐趣 的整条弧线。最后谈到下一步可能加入 Meta 或 OpenAI。
Skill Issue: Andrej Karpathy on Code Agents, AutoResearch, and the Loopy Era of AI
Andrej Karpathy · Eureka Labs 创始人 · 前 Tesla AI 总监 · OpenAI 创始成员
Andrej Karpathy 做客 No Priors，描述他这几个月每天 16 小时"对 agents 表达意图"的真实状态： 编程不再是写代码，瓶颈从算力变成了人自己，做不成事往往是 skill issue 而非 capability issue。 对谈延伸到 AutoResearch、家庭智能体 Dobby、软件退化成 API endpoints、模型的锯齿状智能与物种化、 Folding@home 式的开放研究，以及"把如何解释编码进 agent"的新教育形态。
How a Meta PM ships products without ever writing code | Zevi Arnovitz
Zevi Arnovitz · Meta PM · ex-Wix PM · non-technical vibe coder
Zevi Arnovitz 是 Meta 的 PM, 一年前在日本看了一个 YouTube 视频, 然后 从 zero 技术背景一路走到 Cursor + Claude Code, 用一套可复用的 slash-command 工作流 (create-issue → explore → plan → execute → review → peer-review → update-docs) 独自维护一个副业 app Studymate。他把不同模型拟人化 (Claude 当 CTO, Codex 是小黑屋的 hoodie coder, Gemini 是吓人但出活的 crazy scientist, Composer 是冲锋队), 让它们互相 code review "fight it out"。一句反复出现的 口号: "you'll be replaced by someone who's better at using AI than you."
State of AI in 2026: LLMs, Coding, Scaling Laws, China, Agents, GPUs, AGI | Lex Fridman Podcast #490
Sebastian Raschka, Nathan Lambert · 《Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch)》作者 + AI2 研究员 / RLHF 书作者
Lex Fridman 请来两位"一线做过模型、也写过书"的研究者做 2026 年初的 AI state-of-the-art 盘点: Sebastian Raschka 从 GPT-2 一路手撕到 Qwen3 / Gemma 3, 最擅长从架构里读故事;Nathan Lambert 是 AI2 研究员、RLHF 书作者、atom 项目 发起人,frontier 与 open-source 两边都站过。两人聊了 DeepSeek 时刻、Opus 4.5 神话、RLVR 的"假 aha"、scaling 的三个轴、AI 2027 的时间线推后、Anthropic $1.5B 和解、CUDA 的真护城河、atom project,一直到 100 年后世界的样子。
Terence Tao – How the world's top mathematician uses AI
Terence Tao · UCLA mathematician, Fields Medalist
当世最强的数学家谈他亲手用过 AI 之后的判断：想法生成的成本几乎归零， 但瓶颈搬到了 verification 这一侧；50 道 Erdős 问题被 AI 攻克之后随即陷入瓶颈； AI 像在黑暗中乱跳的机器人，能跨过低墙、爬不上悬崖；breadth × depth 才是 数学的下一步——但要先重设整个学术工作流。
Jensen Huang: NVIDIA — The $4 Trillion Company & the Future of AI
Jensen Huang · NVIDIA CEO
Jensen Huang 把 NVIDIA 的打法讲成一条推理链：从 extreme co-design 到四条 scaling law，从 CUDA 在 GeForce 上的存在主义赌博到 agentic 时代的 "iPhone of tokens"。他也谈到 TSMC、中国、 供应链、能源瓶颈，以及"intelligence is a commodity"的人生哲学。
Andrej Karpathy — "We're summoning ghosts, not building animals"
Andrej Karpathy · AI 研究者，曾领导 Tesla 自动驾驶、OpenAI 创始成员
Andrej Karpathy 在 Dwarkesh Podcast 的长访谈。他给出一份冷静的"祛魅"：这是 智能体的十年而非元年；我们造的不是动物而是"幽灵"——通过模仿互联网而来的数字 实体。他剖析了 RL 的根本缺陷（"用吸管吸取监督信号"）、模型坍缩、自动驾驶式的 "九分进军"，以及他为何离开前沿实验室转去做教育。
Why most AI products fail: Lessons from 50+ AI deployments at OpenAI, Google & Amazon
Aishwarya Sranti & Kiriti Bottem · AI product consultants & OpenAI Codex engineer
Ash and Kiriti share hard-won lessons from 50+ AI product deployments across OpenAI, Google, and Amazon. They break down why AI products are fundamentally different from traditional software (non-determinism + agency-control tradeoff), introduce their CCCD framework for iterative AI development, and argue that pain — not speed to market — is the real competitive moat.
The rise of the professional vibe coder (a new AI-era job)
Lazar Yavanovich · Lovable Vibe Coding Engineer
Lovable 首位官方 Vibe Coding 工程师 Lazar Yavanovich 分享了一套完整的职业 vibe coding 方法论： 从平行构建 5 个项目获取 clarity，到 PRD 文档系统和 4x4 调试框架，再到为什么设计品味和判断力 将成为 AI 时代最稀缺的技能。
OpenAI's head of platform engineering on the next 12-24 months of AI | Sherwin Wu
Sherwin Wu · Head of Platform Engineering, OpenAI
OpenAI API 与开发者平台工程负责人 Sherwin Wu 分享了 AI 如何重塑软件工程、管理哲学、 创业生态，以及未来 12-24 个月模型能力和平台方向的展望。
The design process is dead. Here's what's replacing it. | Jenny Wen (head of design at Claude)
Jenny Wen · Head of Design, Claude (Anthropic)
Jenny Wen, head of design for Claude at Anthropic (previously director of design at Figma), discusses how AI is fundamentally transforming the design profession. She argues the traditional design process is dead, replaced by two modes: execution support (pairing with engineers) and short-horizon vision-setting. Topics include building trust through speed, three hiring archetypes for the AI era, the legibility framework, and why design managers need IC rotations.
From skeptic to true believer: How OpenClaw changed my life | Claire Vo
Claire Vo · 3x CPO, ChatPRD Founder, How I AI Host
Claire Vo shares her journey from vocal OpenClaw skeptic to running 9 specialized agents across 3 Mac Minis. She explains how management skills translate directly to agent management, demonstrates real use cases from sales automation to family logistics, and provides practical setup and security advice.
AI is critical for humanity's survival: Cisco President on the AI revolution | Jeetu Patel
Jeetu Patel · Cisco CPO & President
Cisco CPO/President Jeetu Patel discusses why AI is essential for humanity's survival given declining birth rates, how Cisco connects GPU clusters across data centers as critical AI infrastructure, and shares his six-part framework for building great companies.
Marc Andreessen: The real AI boom hasn't even started yet
Marc Andreessen · Co-founder of Andreessen Horowitz (a16z)
Marc Andreessen argues AI arrives at a miraculously well-timed moment — just as productivity growth has stagnated for 50 years and global population is declining. He unpacks the "Mexican standoff" between PMs, engineers, and designers, explains why task loss matters more than job loss, and makes the case for indeterminate optimism.
Elon Musk – "In 36 months, the cheapest place to put AI will be space"
Elon Musk · CEO of Tesla, SpaceX, xAI
Elon Musk 与 Dwarkesh Patel 长达 3 小时的深度对谈，涵盖太空 AI 数据中心（36 个月内最经济）、 Starship 每小时一次发射、月球质量驱动器、Terafab 自建芯片厂、Optimus 机器人的递归指数增长、 中美制造业竞争，以及 xAI "understand the universe" 使命与 AI 安全。
The real AI revolution isn't software. It's farms, mines, and trucks. | Qasar Younis
Qasar Younis · Applied Intuition CEO
Applied Intuition CEO Qasar Younis 首次公开访谈。他认为 AI 真正的影响不在软件开发， 而在农业、矿业、建筑和卡车运输等物理行业。对谈涵盖 Physical AI 路线、 中国竞争的误读、创始人的沉默哲学、以及一家近十年未花过融资的 $15B 公司如何运营。
Dylan Patel — The single biggest bottleneck to scaling AI compute
Dylan Patel · CEO, SemiAnalysis
SemiAnalysis CEO Dylan Patel walks through the entire AI compute supply chain, from $600B hyperscaler capex to the 3.5 EUV tools needed per gigawatt. He explains why semiconductors — not power — are the real bottleneck, and what that means for the US-China AI race, memory prices, and consumer electronics.
Dario Amodei — "We are near the end of the exponential"
Dario Amodei · Anthropic CEO
Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei 三年后再度做客 Dwarkesh Podcast，深度解析他为何认为 我们正接近 AI 指数增长的终点。从 2017 年的 Big Blob of Compute 假说到 country of geniuses in a data center 的 1-3 年预测，从 Anthropic 10x 年增长到算力采购的 生死赌局，从 AI 宪法的三层治理到独裁体制道德过时论。
We replaced our sales team with 20 AI agents — here's what happened next | Jason Lemkin (SaaStr)
Jason Lemkin · SaaStr Founder & CEO
Jason Lemkin shares how SaaStr went from a 10-person sales team to 1.2 humans and 20 AI agents with the same revenue output. He covers which sales roles will go extinct, how to train agents in 30 days, and why the future belongs to $250K SDRs managing 10 agents instead of 10 people.
Dario Amodei: Anthropic CEO on Claude, AGI & the Future of Humans & AI
Dario Amodei, Amanda Askell, Chris Olah · Anthropic CEO + Character lead + Interpretability co-founder
Lex Fridman 与 Anthropic 的三位核心人物同场对谈: CEO Dario Amodei 讲 scaling 假设、RSP 的 if-then 结构、"race to the top" 战略与 Machines of Loving Grace; character lead Amanda Askell 讲 Claude 的性格工程、sycophancy 与最优失败率; interpretability 共同创始人 Chris Olah 讲 features、circuits、superposition 和那个著名的 deception feature。三人从战略、产品、研究三个层面拼出 Anthropic 对 "AI inside" 的完整 stereo view。
The Best Vitality & Health Protocols | Dr. Rhonda Patrick
Dr. Rhonda Patrick · Biomedical scientist, FoundMyFitness founder
Dr. Rhonda Patrick joins Andrew Huberman for a comprehensive deep-dive into evidence-based health protocols covering exercise (VILPA, strength training), gut-inflammation cascades, omega-3 as her top supplement, cortisol management, intermittent fasting mechanics, creatine for brain health, and her full supplement stack with dosages and rationale.
How Hormones Shape Sexual Orientation & Behavior | Dr. Marc Breedlove
Dr. Marc Breedlove · Michigan State University neuroscience professor
Dr. Marc Breedlove explains how prenatal testosterone shapes sexual orientation, the fraternal birth order effect, gay rams, brain sexual dimorphisms, and why sexual orientation is not a choice — through the lens of decades of biological research.
Cultivating Awe & Emotional Connection in Daily Life | Dr. Dacher Keltner
Dr. Dacher Keltner · UC Berkeley Psychology Professor & Greater Good Science Center Co-Director
Emotion scientist Dr. Dacher Keltner explains the neuroscience of awe — how shifting perception from "small to vast" triggers measurable health benefits including reduced inflammation, less pain, and better brain health years later. The conversation spans the expanded taxonomy of 20 facial expressions, the role of teasing and embarrassment in group bonding, the loneliness epidemic, music as the fastest path to collective consciousness, and practical awe design for cities and daily life.
Science-Based Meditation Tools to Improve Your Brain & Health | Dr. Richard Davidson
Dr. Richie Davidson · Professor of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Dr. Richie Davidson, a pioneer in meditation neuroscience, explains how just 5 minutes of daily meditation for 30 days produces measurable reductions in depression, anxiety, and inflammation. He introduces the concept of "the lactate of the mind" — the initial anxiety of meditation as an adaptation signal — and presents his four-pillar framework for human flourishing: awareness, connection, insight, and purpose.
Quantum Mechanics Contradicts Itself (and He Proved It)
Renato Renner · Professor of Quantum Information, ETH Zurich
Professor Renato Renner of ETH Zurich explains his no-go theorem showing quantum theory contradicts itself when applied to observers who are themselves quantum systems. The conversation covers three incompatible assumptions (universality, consistency, single outcomes), a gravity-based escape route involving reference frame loops, the black hole information paradox, and why choosing an interpretation of quantum mechanics is ultimately an emotional decision.
The Genius Who Invented Reverse Mathematics
Harvey Friedman · Founder of Reverse Mathematics, Emeritus Professor at Ohio State University
Harvey Friedman — the youngest professor in recorded history (a Stanford appointment at 18) and the author of the last paper Kurt Gödel sponsored for PNAS — gives his first podcast. The conversation moves from Gödel's two often-conflated incompleteness theorems to Friedman's 60-year program to push incompleteness out of set-theoretic exile and into the kind of finite, combinatorial mathematics that working mathematicians cannot dismiss. Along the way: TREE(3), the divine consistency proof, embedded maximality, and a quiet meditation on AI as a form of immortality.
Michael Nielsen – Why aliens will have a different tech stack than us
Michael Nielsen · Research fellow, writer, quantum computing pioneer
Michael Nielsen and Dwarkesh Patel explore how scientific progress actually happens — from the messy reality of falsification to hostile verification loops that mislead for decades. They discuss why the tech tree is far vaster than we realize, why alien civilizations would develop radically different technologies, and what this means for AI-accelerated science.
Paul Rosolie: Uncontacted Tribes in the Amazon Jungle | Lex Fridman Podcast #489
Paul Rosolie · Naturalist, explorer, founder of Jungle Keepers
2024 年 10 月，Paul Rosolie 和 Jungle Keepers 团队成为有史以来第一组与亚马逊 Mashkapiro / Nomole uncontacted 部落和平接触并完整记录的人。这一期 3 小时的对谈 穿插了那场接触、随之而来的毒枭升级、Jane Goodall 的影响、Mist River 上的攀树， 以及关于"为什么人类与雨林是同一件事"的现场报告。
The "Inverse Problem" Of Dark Matter Is Insane
Dr. Jenny Wagner · Astrophysicist, Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Helsinki Institute of Physics
Dr. Jenny Wagner explains why gravitational lensing data only constrains local properties of mass distributions, making every grand dark matter map a model-driven extrapolation. She argues the inverse problem approach — reasoning from data to necessary models — could reshape cosmology and the scientific method itself.
The Theorem That Proves Science Can't Know the Universe
JB Manchak · UC Irvine Professor of Logic & Philosophy of Science
Professor JB Manchak proves that no amount of empirical data — even from every point in the universe — can determine its global structure. He introduces Heraclitus spacetimes (maximally asymmetric universes where local structure determines global structure), and draws surprising parallels between cosmic underdetermination and Zen Buddhist non-self.
How to be a CEO when AI breaks all the old playbooks | Sequoia CEO Coach Brian Halligan
Brian Halligan · HubSpot co-founder, Sequoia in-house CEO coach
Brian Halligan — HubSpot 联合创始人、Sequoia 驻场 CEO 教练、Red Sox 股东 — 在 Lenny's Podcast 把他 15 年 CEO 生涯的教训铺开: Sequoia 的 "kids table / adults table" 为什么以 100 人为界; 招聘的 "hire slow / fire fast" 和为什么 blind references 比 面试重要; Parker Conrad 的 NDA hack; 2004 Red Sox 式的混合团队; 他评估 CEO 的 LOCK(S) 算法; 为什么 sales 是 AI 最晚取代的岗位, 以及 avatar 如何颠倒 go-to-market 漏斗; 一系列 hagganisms — "别一口一口吃三明治"、"两个人浇的花必死"、"没有银弹只有 铅弹" — 以及一次摔下 Vermont 悬崖之后他做出的 "I'm out" 决定.
Why half of product managers are in trouble | Nikhyl Singhal (Meta, Google)
Nikhyl Singhal · ex-Meta / ex-Google / ex-Credit Karma CPO · Skip 社区主理人
Nikhyl Singhal 在 Lenny's Podcast 上讲了一件很不舒服的事: 约一半的 PM —— 那些 以"frame 和搬运信息"为核心技能的人 —— 正在被 AI 淘汰; 而另一半 "builders" 正迎来 comp 史上最高、机会最多的时刻。他对未来 12-24 个月的预测很直白: "shed 30,000 and hire 8,000", 8,000 人都是 AI-first。给听众的唯一行动项是 "cross the threshold" —— 找到第一次因自己动手构建而产生 joy 的瞬间。
The surprising advice from a founder who built 2 unicorns | Jason Cohen (WP Engine)
Jason Cohen · WP Engine founder · 4-time founder · 2 unicorns
Jason Cohen 用一小时给了一套"诊断增长停滞"的五问清单：logo churn、 pricing、NRR、渠道饱和、"你真的需要增长吗"。顺序是关键——上一问没解决， 下面都白搭。里面藏着一个真实的 8x 定价故事、"cancellations 会自动随 规模指数上涨而 marketing 不会"的硬数学、以及一个 elephant curve 取代 S-curve 的渠道模型。
A child psychologist's guide to working with difficult adults | Dr. Becky Kennedy
Dr. Becky Kennedy · Clinical psychologist, author, CEO of Good Inside
Dr. Becky Kennedy 把一整套育儿方法论搬到工作场景：从 repair、connect-before-correct、 MGI (most generous interpretation)、good-inside (把 identity 和 behavior 分开)， 到 sturdy leader 的三种"机长广播"、boundary 的精确定义（"你要做的事，对方不用做任何事"）、 resilient rebels 的控制欲，以及一句 magic 话术 "I believe you" + "I believe in you"。 中间穿插一个自伤少女的故事——她对父母说 "Can you believe they let me make that decision?"
Hard truths about building in the AI era | Keith Rabois (Khosla Ventures)
Keith Rabois · Managing Director, Khosla Ventures / PayPal Mafia
Keith Rabois 用一个多小时把他 25 年的组织管理学铺开: 从 Venode Kosla 的 "团队就是公司"、David Sacks 的 1+1≥3 leverage 公式、barrels vs ammunition 框架、"我找到了一个 barrel" 的奶昔故事, 到 AI 时代 CMO 成为第一 token 消耗者、PM 这个角色"makes no sense"、criticize in public、以及 7 年只缺练 7 天的 no-days-off 人生。贯穿全片的是一个 contrarian 的选股算法: 找还没被 blackbox 处理过的 undiscovered talent。
How to show up in any room with a low heart rate: Silicon Valley's missing etiquette playbook
Sam Lesson · Slow Ventures partner, ex-Facebook VP Product
Sam Lesson (Slow Ventures, ex-Facebook VP Product) 把一本硅谷缺席的礼仪手册 拆给 Lenny 听: 整期的 thesis 是 etiquette = a skill for how to show up in a room with a low heart rate. 从 Kleiner Perkins holiday party 的 Energizer Bunny 反面 教材, 到 "let it hang" 的 name-recovery 技巧; 从 tuxedo Tuesdays 到 "B for bread, D for drinks"; 从 Calendarly 讨伐战到 CC/BCC 的暗语 - 一条一条具体到可以照着做. 最后在 Contrarian Corner 丢了一枚: seed VC 投 "AI 公司" 会亏掉一笔 impossibly large 的钱, 因为 OpenAI 即使到 $500B 市值, seed return 也只有 25x - middling at best.
The art of influence: The single most important skill left that AI can't replace | Jessica Fain
Jessica Fain · VP Product @ Webflow
Jessica Fain, VP Product at Webflow and former chief of staff to two CPOs at Slack, unpacks the art and science of influencing executives — from tactical meeting techniques to building long-term trust. She argues influence is the single highest-leverage skill for product leaders, especially as AI commoditizes execution.
Negotiation Expert: How to stop leaving 40% of your comp on the table | Jacob Warwick
Jacob Warwick · Professional Negotiator
Jacob Warwick, a professional negotiator who has helped clients secure over $1 billion in additional comp, shares the psychology and tactics behind compensation negotiation. From simple pushbacks that yield 20% more to strategic approaches averaging 40% movement, he reveals how information asymmetry, emotional intelligence, and creative deal structures can transform careers.
Lenny Rachitsky: Behind the Scenes of Building a 1.2M-Subscriber Newsletter
Lenny Rachitsky · Newsletter creator & podcast host
Lenny Rachitsky's wife Michelle Rial turns the tables and interviews him about how he went from an Airbnb PM to building a 1.2 million subscriber newsletter and top-10 tech podcast. He shares never-before-told stories including a psychedelic experience that gave him confidence to write, the fraud crisis that nearly broke his business, and why he revises each post ~50 times.
Vikings, Ragnar, Berserkers, Valhalla & the Warriors of the Viking Age | Lex Fridman Podcast #495
Lars Brownworth · Historian, author of The Sea Wolves
历史学家 Lars Brownworth 用 1.5 小时把 793–1066 年的 Viking 时代拆给你看： 从 Lindisfarne 那场让欧洲修士相信"世界末日来了"的袭击，到长船 70–120 mi/day 的恐怖速度， 再到 Ragnar、Valhalla、Berserkers、Leif Erikson 的 Vinland、东到 Constantinople 的 Varangian Guard。最后落到一个反差：这个 destroyer 民族只用了三代人就变成 builder， 造出了 Normandy、Kievan Rus 与现代欧洲的雏形。
Rick Beato: Greatest Guitarists of All Time, History & Future of Music | Lex Fridman Podcast #492
Rick Beato · Music educator, producer, YouTuber
Rick Beato 用两个半小时把他的音乐观铺开: 从第一支 "Hey Joe" 独奏、父亲 送的 Joe Pass《Virtuoso》、儿子 Dylan 的完美音感实验 (native music fluency), 到 Miles Davis 从不彩排、David Gilmour 的 Zoom 9030、Beatles 365 天三张专辑的 "perfect storm"、Metallica 1991 年莫斯科 160 万人现场, 再到对 AI 音乐的一个冷静结论: "fundamentally boring".
Jeff Kaplan: World of Warcraft, Overwatch, Blizzard, and Future of Gaming | Lex Fridman Podcast #493
Jeff Kaplan · Legendary game designer (WoW, Overwatch); co-founder Kintsugiyama
Jeff Kaplan 的完整弧线: 一个 NYU 创意写作硕士, 一年收到 170 封退稿信, 把 所有手稿扔进 dumpster; 靠 EverQuest 272 played days 逃避, 在公会里当了 uber guild leader "Tigole", 结果公会里的 Ariel 原来是 Rob Pardo, Barfa 是 Allen Adham —— 在 Irvine 一次午餐上他"felt like myself for the first time". $35K/年入职 Blizzard, 重写了 MMO 升级逻辑 ("overload experience into the quests"), 做了 Wrath of the Lich King; 和 140 人的 Titan 一起 烧掉 $83M, 然后在六周里把 Titan 的 Jumper 蒸馏成 Tracer, 用 "Monetized Shooter" 的灰色 7 页 PPT 救活了团队 —— 这就是 Overwatch. 最后被 CFO 一句 "$X 否则 1000 人丢工作, 算你头上" 击垮, 19 年生涯结束. 现在在 Kintsugiyama 用金漆补碎瓷做 The Legend of California —— optimize for control, not money.
Why Leonardo was a saboteur, Gutenberg went broke, and Florence was weird – Ada Palmer
Ada Palmer · Renaissance historian, novelist, composer (University of Chicago)
Ada Palmer 把《Inventing the Renaissance》里的核心故事铺开: Petrarch 从黑死病 里走出, 喊出 "this is an age of ash and shadow", 开启一个 200 年的代际接力—— "as long as from Yuri Gagarin's space flight back to Napoleon". 沿途我们看到 Florence 如何从 "extra scummy merchant scum" 靠艺术和希腊语**反向吓住法国大使**, 看到 Leonardo 把发明写成镜像字、Brunelleschi 烧掉穹顶图纸——是 **saboteurs of human progress**, 不是科学家; 看到 Gutenberg 印完 300 本 Bible 卖掉 7 本 破产, 直到 Venice 的港口和书展让印刷经济上跑起来. 最后落在一个非常克制的政治 判断: **"even when resistance loses, resistance wins"**, 以及对 AI 时代的温柔 反驳——"he did not create a world that went as he wanted but he created a world that went well."
139. 【Agent的综述】和苏煜聊Agent技术史、OpenClaw Moment、边界的消弭和社会的辐射
苏煜 · 俄亥俄州立大学计算机系教授 / NeoCognition 创始人 / 2025 斯隆研究奖得主
张小珺商业访谈录 #139 期：和俄亥俄州立大学教授、NeoCognition 创始人苏煜做的一次 Agent 技术综述。 从 Logical Agent (1960s-90s) → Neural Agent → Semantic Parsing → Language Agent 的演进史出发， 讨论了 OpenClaw Moment 与 ChatGPT Moment 的相似性、universal digital agent 的目标、 中美科技辐射的不同 pattern，以及 2026 年 Agent 的瓶颈和大厂们的赌注。
FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet | Lex Fridman Podcast #496
Jean-Baptiste Kempf & Kieran Kunhya · President of VideoLAN (VLC) & FFmpeg core contributor
Jean-Baptiste Kempf (VLC) and Kieran Kunhya (FFmpeg) take Lex through the invisible plumbing of internet video — what happens between "press play" and "see pixels," why every video codec generation is roughly 30% better and 10–100× more expensive, and why dav1d ships 240,000 hand-written lines of assembly. The conversation also covers the École Centrale origin story of VLC, the Google AI security debacle and Microsoft Teams SLA episode, two intelligence-agency backdoor requests JB refused, a death threat over dropping the PowerPC port, the CIA's Vault 7 fake-VLC build, the codec patent minefield, and JB's new ultra-low-latency project Kyber (4 ms glass-to-glass for remote robotics).
Fixing GPU Starvation in Large-Scale Distributed Training
Kashish · Uber · ML Infra · Marketplace Matching Lead
Kashish (Uber ML infra, ex-Google YouTube Ads) walks Demetrios through a Sherlock-Holmes-grade Petastorm bug—GPU cluster stuck at 15-20% utilization, six debugging steps, two layers of bottleneck, and finally a "double bottleneck" reveal: PyArrow→NumPy translation was silently eating the headroom. Plus serving's latency-vs-utilization war, the reproducibility cost of parallelism, and a live diagnosis of a friend's slow DGX Spark.
Notion's Sarah Sachs & Simon Last on Custom Agents, Evals, and the Future of Work
Sarah Sachs · Simon Last · Notion — engineering manager (core AI capabilities & infra) · co-founder
Notion 把 agent 重写了 5 次,从 2022 年末 GPT-4 时代试图后台跑 assistant 一直撞到今天的 100+ tools custom agent. Sarah (engineering manager) 和 Simon (co-founder) 用 84 分钟 把"为什么这么慢"和"现在为什么终于行了"都摊开讲: progressive disclosure、SQL-light queries、 notion's last exam(主动留 30% 通过率)、为什么是 credits 而不是 tokens、为什么 manager agent 是 对 70 条通知的解、以及为什么"replacing processes"比"replacing people"更准确.
The Modern Software Engineer
Mihail Eric · ML / AI infrastructure practitioner & instructor
Mihail Eric 和 Demetrios 在 SF 录音棚里把 AI coding agent 的真实工程问题挨个摊开: junior 被 cursor 截断的训练链, Eno @ Factory 强调的 validation harness, token 计费迟早被 task 计费取代, Twitter 上 "15 个 tiled Claude Code instances" 的并行神话, 团队该变小、PM 该会提 PR, 以及 下一个 superpower 是 articulation. 全程没有 framework, 全是 day-to-day 判断, 最后一句是 "just breathe".
Moonlake: Interactive, Multimodal World Models — with Chris Manning and Fan-yun Sun
Chris Manning · Fan-yun Sun · Stanford NLP 教父 · Moonlake 联合负责人 + ex-NVIDIA Research / Moonlake co-founder
Latent Space 与 Moonlake 两位负责人 Chris Manning 与 Fan-yun Sun 的对谈。Moonlake 押的是另一条 world model 路线: 不是更大的视频生成器, 而是 symbolic 推理 + 神经渲染。 Chris 给出唯一的硬定义 — "you only actually have a world model if you can predict, given some action is taken, what is going to change" — 然后顺势公开和 Yann LeCun 撕: "Yann has never appreciated the power of language." Sun 反驳"反 bitter lesson" 的标签, 真正的问题是"what is the right abstraction level today"。Moonlake 内部其实是 两个模型: 推理模型管 causality / persistency, 而 Rie 这个 diffusion model 负责 photorealism — 他们已经把它当作 DLSS 的下一代来卖, "skins for worlds"。
Training Transformers to solve 95% failure rate of Cancer Trials — Ron Alfa & Daniel Bear, Noetik
Ron Alfa & Daniel Bear · Noetik 联合创始人 · 用 AI 把 95% 失败的癌症试验变成 matching problem
Latent Space 与 Noetik 创始人 Ron Alfa、Daniel Bear 的对谈。Ron 的核心 论点：95% 的癌症临床试验会失败,但许多"失败"的药其实有效——只是没匹配 到对的病人。Noetik 用近两年时间只在收数据 (thousands of human tumors, hundreds of millions of images), 训练一个自监督的 "virtual cell" 模型, 并发布 TARIO-2——一个 autoregressive transformer, 从每个病人都已经有的 H&E 切片预测 ~19,000 个基因的空间表达。GSK 已经签了 $50M 软件授权: 不是买药, 是买平台。
How GPT, Claude, and Gemini are actually trained and served – Reiner Pope
Reiner Pope · MatX CEO, ex-Google TPU
Reiner Pope（MatX CEO）在 Dwarkesh 的黑板课式访谈里，从几条 roofline 方程一路推到： 最优 batch size = 300 × sparsity、20ms 的"火车"调度、MoE 必须挤进一个 rack、 Ilya 为什么说 pipelining 不智、RL 时代模型被过度训练 100 倍、Gemini API 价格如何 泄露 ~2KB/token 的 KV cache 大小，以及神经网络和密码学之间的对偶关系。
Mistral: Voxtral TTS, Forge, Leanstral, & Mistral 4 — w/ Pavan Kumar Reddy & Guillaume Lample
Pavan Kumar Reddy & Guillaume Lample · Mistral · Audio Research Lead 与 Chief Scientist
Mistral 同一周内同时发了 Voxtral TTS、Forge 平台、Leanstral 形式化模型和新的 Mistral Small——这期 Latent Space 让 Pavan Kumar Reddy 和 Guillaume Lample 一次性把这些 发布背后的工程选择讲清楚。Voxtral TTS 是 3B 模型 + 自研 12.5 Hz 神经音频 codec + auto-regressive flow matching head——为了实时流式而不是 SOTA quality 选 AR 路线。 Forge 是把 Mistral 科学团队用了 2 年的 infra 直接给客户：fine-tune 后能"10x cheaper"， 并在某些客户项目把一种语言从 0~1% 训到 50% 的 mix。Leanstral 看似是数学家工具， 实际是赌 long-horizon reasoning 的 transfer——Lean 的编译器是天然不可 reward-hack 的判官。最后透露下一代 RL infra 是为"6 hours to get a reward"的 trajectory 设计的。
How GPT-5 derived new results in theoretical physics and quantum gravity — Alex Lupsasca, OpenAI
Alex Lupsasca · OpenAI for Science · 黑洞理论物理学家 · 2024 New Horizons in Fundamental Physics Prize
Alex Lupsasca 是 2024 年 New Horizons in Fundamental Physics Breakthrough Prize（被称为 "Oscar for physics"）的得主, 一位黑洞理论物理学家。他追踪 LLM 在科学前沿的能力已经 一年半。GPT-5 发布时 Twitter 反响 "lukewarm" — 但在他的领域, 模型在 30 分钟内复现 了他自己花了很长时间才做出来的好论文。Mark Chen 教了他一个 "priming" 技巧 (先解一道 textbook warmup), GPT-5 就能解决一篇 training-cutoff 之后才发布的论文。 之后, 他和 PhD 导师 Strominger 把一个 32 项之和、卡了一年的 single-minus gluon tree amplitude 问题给了 ChatGPT — 模型在 Strominger 的飞机降落之前就解决了, 还用 作者们都不知道的技巧给出了证明。第二个实验把题目换成 graviton, 模型在一天内吐出 110 页全新的量子引力, 团队用三周验证。这就是 "vibe physics"。
133. 对谢赛宁的7小时马拉松访谈：世界模型、逃出硅谷、AMI Labs、两次拒绝Ilya、杨立昆、李飞飞和42
谢赛宁 (Saining Xie) · NYU 助理教授 · AMI Labs 联合创始人
谢赛宁的第一次播客访谈，7 小时马拉松对谈， 覆盖 SJTU ACM Class、UCSD 屠卓文、FAIR 何恺明、NYU 李飞飞， 到 2024 年和 Yann LeCun 共同创立 AMI Labs 的全过程。 贯穿主线：representation learning 是 12 年都没解决的核心问题， LLM 是 virtual intelligence，world model 才是真问题。
Extreme Harness Engineering: 1M LOC, 1B toks/day, 0% human code or review
Ryan Lopopolo · OpenAI Frontier Product Exploration · engineer
Ryan Lopopolo 在 OpenAI Frontier 用一个 "out there" 的约束做了 5 个月的实验: 3 个工程师, 1M LOC, 1500 PRs, 他自己一行代码都不写. 这一小时他把这套打法所有的 ratchets 全摊开: 一分钟构建、$land 自动合并、Ghost Libraries、Symphony 用 Elixir、end of bullshit plugins、 对 MCP 的 bearish 判断, 以及一句话哲学: "you can just codex things".